Ireland 20 Euro Gold Coin 2008 Skellig Michael
The coins were produced by the Central Bank in collaboration with the Office of Public Works and celebrate Sceilig Mhichíl, the UNESCO Heritage Site located off the west coast of Ireland. The coin was part of the Europa coin programme's 2008 Theme European Cultural Heritage.
Obverse: Brian Boru harp, left- 'éire', right- date.
Reverse: Sceilig Mhichil island with a flock of birds soaring from the summit towards 12 stars, left- Eurostar mark & denomination, legend - SCEILIG MHICHIL
Face value: 20 Euro.
Designer: Michael Guilfoyle.
Mint: Royal Dutch Mint.
Alloy: Au 999.
Quantity: 15,000 Proof.
Issued: 23/04/2008.
Diameter: 13.92 mm.
Weight: 1.244 g.
Skellig Michael
Skellig Michael (Irish: Sceilig Mhichíl), or Great Skellig (Irish: Sceilig Mhór), is the larger of the two Skellig Islands, 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi) west of the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. A Christian monastery was founded on the island at some point between the 6th and 8th century and remained continuously occupied until it was abandoned in the late 12th century. The remains of the monastery, and most of the island, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Pre-monastic
Skellig Michael was uninhabited before its monastery was founded. Folklore holds that Ir, son of Míl Espáine, was buried on the island, and a text from the 8th or 9th century states that Duagh, King of West Munster, fled to "Scellecc" after a feud with the Kings of Cashel, although it is not known whether these events actually took place.
Monastic
The monastery's exact date of foundation is not known. The first definite reference to monastic activity on the island is a record of the death of "Suibhini of Skelig" dating from the 8th century; however, Saint Fionán is claimed to have founded the monastery in the 6th century.
The monastic site on the island is on a terraced shelf 600 feet above sea-level, and developed between the sixth and eighth centuries. It contains six beehive cells, two oratories as well as a number of stone crosses and slabs. It also contains a later medieval church. The cells and oratories are all of dry-built corbel construction. A carefully designed system for collecting and purifying water in cisterns was developed. It has been estimated that no more than twelve monks and an abbot lived here at any one time. A hermitage is on the south peak.
The diet of monks living on the North Atlantic islands was somewhat different from that of those who lived on the mainland. With less arable land available to grow grain, vegetable gardens became an important part of monastic life. Of necessity, fish and the meat and eggs of birds nesting on the islands became staples.
The "Annals of Inisfallen" record a Viking attack in 823. The site had been dedicated to Saint Michael by at least 1044 (when the death of "Aedh of Scelic-Mhichí" is recorded). However, this dedication may have occurred as early as 950, around which time a new church was added to the monastery (typically done to celebrate a consecration) which was called Saint Michael's Church.
The monastery remained continuously occupied until the 12th or 13th century. During this time, the climate around Skellig Michael became colder and more prone to storms, and this, along with changes to the structure of the Irish Church, prompted the community to abandon the island and move to the abbey in Ballinskelligs.
Post-monastic
Skellig Michael remained in the possession of the Order of St. Augustine until the dissolution of the Ballinskelligs abbey by Elizabeth I in 1578. Ownership was then passed to the Butler family with whom it stayed until the early 1820s, when the Corporation for Preserving and Improving the Port of Dublin (the predecessor to the Commissioners of Irish Lights) purchased the island from John Butler of Waterville in a compulsory purchase order. The Corporation constructed two lighthouses on the Atlantic side of the island, and associated living quarters, all of which was completed by 1826. The Office of Public Works took the remains of the monastery into guardianship in 1880, and repaired certain collapsed structures, before buying the island (with the exception of the lighthouses and associated structures) from the Commissioners of Irish Lights.
World Heritage listing
Skellig Michael was made a World Heritage Site in 1996, at the 20th Session of the World Heritage Committee in Mérida, Mexico. After being nominated for inclusion on 28 October 1995, an evaluation of the site by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (an advisory body of the World Heritage Committee), recommended that the island be inscribed on the basis of criteria (iii) and (iv) of the World Heritage List's selection criteria, which relate the cultural significance of a site. The Committee approved this recommendation, describing Skellig Michael as of "exceptional universal value", and a "unique example of an early religious settlement", while also noting the site's preservation as a result of its "remarkable environment", and its ability to illustrate "as no other site can, the extremes of a Christian monasticism characterizing much of North Africa, the Near East and Europe".
Access and activities
Each year 13 boat licences are granted to tour operators who run trips to Skellig Michael during the summer season (April to October, inclusive), weather permitting. For safety reasons, because the steps up to the monastery are rocky, steep, and old, climbs are not permitted during very wet or windy weather. There are dive sites immediately around the rock.
Popular culture
The acclaimed 1969 BBC documentary Civilisation: A Personal View by Kenneth Clark featured a short segment on the use of Skellig Michael in the first episode.
Skellig Michael is featured in the second episode of the BBC documentary series A History of Christianity.
The island served as a location for the final scene in Heart of Glass by Werner Herzog.
The island served as a location on the planet Ahch-To in the final scene of Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and will be featured in its sequel film Star Wars Episode VIII. This caused concerns because of the significance of the site as special protection area for its colonies of puffins, Manx shearwaters and storm petrels.
Skellig Michael is a major influence on the fictional Skellige in the award-winning video game series The Witcher, which features similar landmarks and islands, and the inhabitants of which share a culture and accent with that of the Gaels.
