Italian States Coins 80 Lire Gold Coin 1829 King Charles Felix of Sardinia
Obverse: Head of Charles Felix of Sardinia, at the truncation, engraver's signature (A. Lavy) and the date in exergue.
Obverse Legend: CAR. FELIX D. G. REX SAR. CYP. ET HIER (Charles Felix, by the grace of God, King of Sardinia, Cyprus and Jerusalem).
Engraver: Amedeo Lavy.
Reverse: Crowned pointed shield, bearing arms of Sardinia, Cypria, Jerusalem and Montferrat, with a shield of pretence, bearing an eagle, with cross of Savoy on its breast : the collar of the order and order of "The prophecy of Maria" suspended from the sides of the shield, the whole inclosed by branches of laurel, value 'L.80.' divides mint marks at bottom.
Reverse Legend: DVX SAB. GENVAE ET MONTISF. PRINC. PED. (Dux Sabaudiae, Genuae et Montisferrati, Princeps Pedemontium - Translation: Duke of Savoy, Genoa and Montferrat, Prince of Piedmont).
Engraver: Amedeo Lavy.
Edge Lettering: FERT - FERT - FERT - The motto of the Royal House of Italy, the House of Savoy.
Composition: Gold.
Fineness: 0.900.
Weight: 25.8 g.
AGW: 0.7465 oz.
Diameter: 33 mm.
King Charles Felix of Sardinia
Charles Felix (Carlo Felice Giuseppe Maria; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Aosta and King of Sardinia from 1821 to 1831.
Carlo Felice di Savoia was born in Turin as the eleventh child and fifth son born to Victor Amadeus III of Savoy and Maria Antonietta of Spain. His paternal grandparents were Charles Emmanuel III of Savoy and his German wife Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg. His maternal grandparents were French born King Philip V of Spain and his Italian wife Elizabeth Farnese.
He was a younger brother of two other rulers of Savoy Charles Emmanuel IV and Victor Emmanuel I. He spent his childhood with his sister Maria Carolina and Count of Moriana where they lived at the Castle of Moncalieri. Carlo Felice was reported as having a closed character, prone to loneliness, with an almost ascetic (which for some time, had flashed the ecclesiastical career) and a sacral conception of the monarchy and the right to reign. With the Napoleonic occupation of Piedmont in 1796, he lost the crown of Savoy, the Duchy of Savoy and area of Genevois. Carlo Felice, who was titled Duke of Genoa, obtained the title of Marquis of Susa in compensation for his nominal loss.
He was a younger brother of Charles Emmanuel IV and Victor Emmanuel I. He was not expected to ever succeed to the throne. However Charles Emmanuel never had any children and abdicated the throne on 4 June 1802. Victor Emmanuel had four living daughters when he abdicated the throne in 1821. As the succession was regulated by the Salic Law, Charles Felix succeeded his brother on the throne.
Since Charles was in Modena at the time of his succession, he appointed as Regent his cousin, and heir, Charles Albert (of the Carignano branch of the Savoy family). Charles Albert was in touch with the liberal revolutionaries at that time, and immediately granted their request for a constitution. All this occurred between the 6 and 14 March 1821.
Even before he reached Turin, Charles Felix repudiated the Regent's promise and, to help restore order, called in the Austrians, who stayed in Piedmont till 1823. In that same year Charles Albert went to Spain to extinguish by force of arms the last sparks of revolt, making himself an object of hatred as the betrayer of Italian liberalism, but regaining the confidence of the King, who might have chosen another successor.
Charles Felix was a true reactionary, convinced that the world would soon be swept clean of all those - in his view - wicked and sacrilegious innovations introduced by the French Revolution and diffused throughout Europe by Napoleon Bonaparte "the rascal" as he called him.
He was married by proxy to Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily (17 January 1779 – 11 March 1849) on 7 March 1807. She was a daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria, (1752-1814), sister of the famous Marie Antoinette (1755-1793), later Queen of France .
Charles Felix died without issue, in Turin at the Palazzo Chablais which had been given to him by his sister Princess Maria Ana of Savoy, after a reign of ten years. He was succeeded by the senior male member of his dynastic house, the regent Charles Albert (1798-1849).
The Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa is named for him.
The principal road of the island of Sardinia, the Strada statale 131 Charles Felix, which connects the towns of Cagliari and Sassari-Porto Torres, constructed in the 19th century, is named for him.
FERT
FERT (sometimes tripled, FERT, FERT, FERT), the motto of the Royal House of Italy, the House of Savoy, was adopted by King Vittorio Amedeo II (1666–1732).
It appeared for the first time on the collar of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation or Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata, the primary dynastic order of the kingdom. This ceased to be a national order when Italy became a republic in 1946. The order remains under the jurisdiction of the head of the House of Savoy, however, as hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master.
The meaning of the letters has been a matter of some controversy, to which a number of interpretations have been offered. The motto is believed an acronym of:
- Foedere et Religione Tenemur (Latin: "We are bound by treaty and by religion");
- Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit (Latin: "His strength conquered Rhodes" or "By his bravery he held [or occupied] Rhodes"), referring to the victory of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (1249–1323), who fought against the Saracens at the 1310 siege of Rhodes; or either
- Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet (Latin: "His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state"); or
- Fides Est Regni Tutela (Latin: "Faith is the protector of [our] Kingdom").
It has also been suggested that the letters are actually the Latin word fert (third-person singular present active indicative of ferre), meaning " [he] suffers / bears", possibly referring to Jesus bearing the sins of the world.